A STUDY OF THE KUSHāN HISTORY(贵霜史研究) mobi 下载 网盘 caj lrf pdf txt 阿里云

A STUDY OF THE KUSH?N HISRTORY是同作者《贵霜史研究》一书的英文版，是作者研究贵霜史的专着。贵霜帝国兴起于公元一世纪初，贵霜王朝与罗马、安息、东汉同时并存，其极盛时期的版图包括了中亚和南亚的大部分地区。贵霜人的统治对这些地区的政治、经济、宗教等产生了深广的影响，由于地处当时东西交通的枢纽，在文化、经济交流中扮演了重要的角色，而大范围的统一和相当长时期的稳定在客观上促进了东西文化和经济的交流的同时，也终于形成了贵霜帝国本身灿烂的多元文化和繁荣的社会经济。贵霜史是古代中亚史、南亚史的重要研究课题，自十九世纪二三十年代以降，一直受到国际史学界的重视。而我国老一辈学者中没有研究贵霜的专家，甚至没有专门讨论贵霜史的论文。而此书填补了我国中亚史研究的这一重大空白。

INTRODUCTION ...... 1

Chapter 1 The Origins of the Kushāns ...... 5

Chapter 2 Qiujiuque, Founder of the Kushān Dynasty ...... 20

Chapter 3 On “Yangaozhen” ...... 44

Chapter 4 The Dating of Kani?ka ...... 69

Chapter 5 The End of the Kushān Dynasty ...... 83

Chapter 6 Some Questions Regarding the Kidārite Kushāns ...... 92

BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 123

INDEX ...... 140

POSTSCRIPT ...... 144

余太山先生，是著名的中亚古史研究奠基性学者。毕业于中国社会科学院研究生院历史系，后于历史所任职，1993年起为研究员，曾任中外关系史研究室主任。专治古代中亚史、中外关系史。现为中国社会科学院荣誉学部委员。

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INTRODUCTION The predecessor of the Kushān dynasty was the Xihou 翖侯 of Guishuang 貴霜, one of the five Xihou 翖侯 in the state of Daxia 大夏. The Xihou 翖侯 of Guishuang 貴霜 came originally from the Gasiani, one of the four Sakā tribes that invaded the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. In around 140 BCE, various tribes of the Sakās crossed the Syr Darya and moved south. One group of them entered Bactria, and destroyed the Hellenic kingdom there. The state they founded (which seemed to comprise mainly the Tochari) was denoted as Daxia 大夏 in the “Dayuan liezhuan 大宛列傳” of Shiji 史記 (ch. 123). “Daxia 大夏” [dat-hea] appears to have been a transcription of “Tochari”. In 130 BCE, the Wusun 烏孫 launched an expedition against the Da Yuezhi 大月氏 with support from the Xiongnu 匈奴; they defeated the latter and occupied the valleys of the Rivers Ili and Chu. The defeated Da Yuezhi 大月氏 migrated west and reached the valley of the Amu Darya, defeating in turn Daxia 大夏 and occupying its territory. The Da Yuezhi 大月氏 ruled Bactria and its surrounding area directly, and controlled the eastern mountain region by means of the so-called five Xihou 翖侯. The five Xihou 翖侯 were all the Daxia 大夏 people, who were propped up and used as puppets by the Da Yuezhi 大月氏. The Xihou 翖侯 of Guishuang 貴霜 who later overthrew the Da Yuezhi 大月氏 forces must have been a descendant of one of them. The exact date of the emergence of the five Xihou 翖侯, including the Xihou 翖侯 of Guishuang 貴霜, cannot be known today. There was no major overlord or chief in the state of Daxia 大夏, but a great number of “minor chiefs” had previously ruled independently there. It is possible that the five Xihou 翖侯 were originally “major overlords” of the former state of Daxia 大夏, who were received by the conquerors and continued to exist after the Da Yuezhi 大月氏 had conquered Daxia 大夏. If this is correct, the date when the Xihou 翖侯 of Guishuang 貴霜 and other Xihou 翖侯 appeared could not have been earlier than 140 BCE, when the Sakā tribes including the Gasiani moved south from the northern bank of the Syr Darya and destroyed the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. It is also possible that, after they had conquered Daxia 大夏, the Da Yuezhi 大月氏 appointed five Daxia 大夏 natives who had close relationships with the Da Yuezhi 大月氏 to serve them as Xihou 翖侯 in controlling a part of the former Daxia 大夏. If this is true, the date when the five Xihou 翖侯 who were “subject to the Da Yuezhi 大月氏” appeared could not have been earlier than 129 BCE, when the Da Yuezhi 大月氏 conquered Daxia 大夏. Qiujiuque 丘就卻 (Kujula Kadphises), the founder of the Guishuang 貴霜 dynasty, had been the Xihou 翖侯 of Guishuang 貴霜 in the state of Daxia 大夏. He had allied or united by marriage with Hermaeus (Yinmifu 陰末赴), the Hellenic king in western India, and thus overcome the other four Xihou 翖侯. He established himself as king; his state was named Guishuang 貴霜 after the four other Xihou 翖侯 had been destroyed. After c. 50 CE, he seized Paropamisadae from Gondophares or his successor who came from Sakāstan (the upper and middle reaches of the present-day Kabul River).

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