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　　《催化材料表征》是一本现代的综合性参考书，包括商业应用中的催化材料的分析。这本书提供了对每种催化材料性能理解的信息，讨论了这些材料在不同技术中的应用，如污染控制、化学与石油加工。每章都是由各自领域内国际公认的专家所撰写，按照催化剂种类，表面、界面和可能需要的块体表征类型进行组织，以方便参考。从材料角度撰写，催化材料的表征一书重点在于测试的性能而不是使用的技术。本书由布伦德尔、埃文斯、沃克斯著。

Preface to the Reissue of the Materials Characterization Series

Preface to Series

Preface to the Reissue of Characterization of Catalytic Materials

Preface

Contributors

BULK METALS AND ALLOYS

  1.1  Introduction

  The Role of Metals and Alloys in Catalysis

  1.2  Preparation of Bulk Alloy or Bimetallic Catalysts

  1.3  Bulk Metal Characterization Methods

  Bulk Chemical Analysis  4,  Determination of Crystal

  Structure  5,  Morphology and Microstructure  6,  Quantification

  of Surface Area  8,  Surface Composition  9,  Gas-Surface

  Interactions  11,  Surface Structure of Single Crystals and Metal Films

  1.4  Surface Composition-Structure and Catalysis Relationship

SUPPORTED METALS

  2.1  Introduction

  Characteristics of Supported Metals  18,  Conditions

  of Characterization of Supported Metals

  2.2  Typical Approaches to Metals Characterization

  Chemisorption  19,  Methods of Measuring Chemisorption

  2.3  Reaction Studies of Supported Metals

  2.4  X-ray Diffraction and Scattering Methods

  Particle Sizes from Line-Broadening  27,  Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

  2.5  Electron Microscopy

  2.6  X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

  Preparation for Measurements  32,  Interpretation of

  Information  32,  Strengths and Weaknesses of XAS

  2.7  Massbauer Spectroscopy

  2.8  Photoelectron/Photoemission Spectroscopy

  2.9  Magnetic Methods

  2.10  Summary

BULK METAL OXIDES

  3.1  Introduction

  Oxides as Catalysts  47,  Mechanistic Features of Oxide Catalyzed Reactions

  3.2  Synthesis Methods

  3.3  Properties of Oxides and Their Relation to Catalytic Behavior  51

  Determination of Bulk Structure  51,  Bulk Composition  57,  Metal Oxidation

  State and Local Structural Environment  57,  Characterization by Electron

  Microscopy  60,  Surface Characterization Using Molecular Probes  61,

  Surface Characterization Using Spectroscopic Analyses  63,  Reducibility

  and Oxide Ion Mobility  64,  Magnetic and Electronic Properties 65

  3.4  Summary

SUPPORTED METAL OXIDES

  4.1  Introduction

  4.2  Synthesis Methods

  4.3  Characterization

  Structure of the Supported Metal Oxide Phase  71,  Surface Coverage

  of the Supported Metal Oxide Phase  73,  Oxidation States and Local

  Structural Environments of Supported Metal Oxide Phases  75,  Morphology

  of the Supported Metal Oxide Phase  77,  Surface Chemistry of

  Supported Metal Oxides  77,  Characterization Summary

  4.4  Impregnating Solution Chemistry

  4.5  Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts Under Ambient Conditions

  4.6  Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts Under In Situ Conditions

  4.7  Catalysis and Structure-Reactivity Relationship

  4.8  Summary

  5.1  Introduction

  5.2  Preparation of Bulk TMS Catalysts

  Binary Sulfides  90,  Mixed Metal Sulfides

  5.3  Bulk Characterization

  Structures of TMS and Stable Catalytic Phases  92,  Morphology, Particle Size,

  and Surface Area  94,  Metal Oxidation State and Structural Environment

  5.4  Surface Composition

  Chemisorption and Molecular Probes  96,  Surface

  Characterization Using Spectroscopic Techniques

  5.5  Structure-Function Relationships

  Importance of the Electronic Structure  100,  Effect of the Crystallographic

  Structure  102,  Effect of the Sulfur Vacancies

  5.6  Summary

SUPPORTED METAL SULFIDES

  6.1  Introduction

  6.2  Structure of the Oxidic Catalyst

  6.3  Structure of the Sulfidic Catalyst

  Structure of Molybdenum  114,  Structure of Cobalt and Nickel

  6.4  Specific Surface Area

  6.5  Structure-Reactivity Relationships

  Role of Molybdenum  121,  Roleofthe Promoter  122,  Role of Phosphate

  6.6  Summary

ZEOLITES AND MOLECULAR SIEVES

  7.1  Introduction

  7.2  Structure of Zeolites and Molecular Sieves

  7.3  X-ray, Neutron, and Electron Diffraction

  Identification of Zeolites  134,  Compositional and Phase

  Changes  135,  Structure Determination by Diffraction Techniques

  7.4  High-Resolution Electron Microscopy

  7.5  Solid State NMR Spectroscopy

  Framework Composition  139,  Tetrahedral Atom

  Ordering  141,  New Developments

  7.6  Adsorption

  Void Volume  142,  Pore Size

  7.7  Structure and Catalytic Behavior

  7.8  Summary

ALUMINA PILLARED CLAYS:

METHODS OF PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION

  8.1  Introduction

  8.2  Synthesis Methods

  8.3  Properties of Pillared Clays

  X-ray Diffraction Pattern  152,  Elemental Analysis  153,  Electron

  Microscopy  154,  Pore Structure by Adsorption-Desorption

  Techniques  155,  Surface Acidity  158,  29Si and 27A1 MAS-

  NMR  158,  Pillared Clays As Catalysts

  8.4  Summary

APPENDIXES: TECHNIQUES SUMMARIES

  1  Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES)

  2  Dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (D-SIMS)

  3  Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy in the Transmission Electron Microscope (EELS)

  4  Electron Paramagnetic Resonance/Electron Spin Resonance

  5  Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis (EPMA)

  6  Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS)

  7  Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS)

  8  Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)

  9  High-Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (HREELS)

  10  Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS)

  11  Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)

  12  Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (ISS)

  13  Low-Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED)

  14  M6ssbauer Spectroscopy

  15  Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA)

  16  Neutron Diffraction

  17  Physical and Chemical Adsorption for the Measurement of Solid State Areas

  18  Raman Spectroscopy

  19  Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

  20  Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM)

  21  Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Scanning Force Microscopy (STM and SFM)

  22  Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

  23  Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (Static SIMS)

  24  Temperature Programmed Techniques

  25  Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

  26  Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS)

  27  X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

  28  X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)

  29  X-Ray Photoelectron and Auger Electron Diffraction (XPD and AED)

  30  X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)

  Index

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