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THE ART OF WAR

VERY LITTLE IS POSITIVELY KNOWN ABOUT SUN TZU.

The only ancient Chinese biography was written some four centuries after he lived; there Sun Tzu is described as belonging to the Chinese aristocracy that no longer owned much land, so he became a mercenary. The only fixed date we have for him is 512 B.C., when he was purportedly hired by a king of Wu, one of China’s then warring states, to serve as a general; allegedly, he was so successful that Wu conquered the powerful state of Chu, at which point Sun Tzu seems to vanish from history. But he is credited with having composed his military treatise even before 512 B.C. - a work titled Bing Fa , which might be literally translated as ¡°military methods¡± or ¡°army procedures¡± but which has come to be known as The Art of War.

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Sun Tzu, also known as Sun Wu or Sunzi, was an ancient Chinese military strategist believed to be the author of the acclaimed military text, The Art of War. Details about Sun Tzu s background and life are uncertain, although he is believed to have lived c. 544-496 BCE. Through The Art of War, Sun Tzu s theories and strategies have influenced military leaders and campaigns throughout time, including the samurai of ancient and early-modern Japan, and more recently Ho Chi Minh of the Viet Cong and American generals Norman Swarzkopf, Jr. and Colin Powell during the Persian Gulf War in the 1990s.

John S. Bowman, the author of the preface, majored in English literature at Harvard University and did his graduate studies at Trinity College at the University of Cambridge and the University of Munich. After some years in New York publishing, starting with Story Magazine, he has been an independent editor and author, involved in a wide spectrum of publishing projects. His many edited volumes include The Cambridge Dictionary of American Biography and the Columbia Chronicles of Asian History and Culture. His own works include The Quest for Atlantis, Diamond.c in the Rough, and Shaker Style.

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孙子曰：　昔之善战者，先为不可胜，以待敌之可胜。不可胜在己，可胜在敌。故善战者，能为不可胜，不能使敌之必可胜。故曰：胜可知，而不可为。不可胜者，守也；可胜者，攻也。守则不足，攻则有余。善守者藏于九地之下，善攻者动于九天之上，故能自保而全胜也。见胜不过众人之所知，非善之善者也；战胜而天下曰善，非善之善者也。故举秋毫不为多力，见日月不为明目，闻雷霆不为聪耳。古之所谓善战者，胜于易胜者也。故善战者之胜也，无智名，无勇功，故其战胜不忒。不忒者，其所措胜，胜已败者也。故善战者，立于不败之地，而不失敌之败也。是故胜兵先胜而后求战，败兵先战而后求胜。善用兵者，修道而保法，故能为胜败之政。　

故兵有走者，有弛者，有陷者，有崩者，有乱者，有北者.

兵者，诡道也。故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近；利而诱之，乱而取之，实而备之，强而避之，怒而挠之，卑而骄之，逸而劳之，亲而离之。攻其无备，出其不意。此兵家之胜，不可先传也。

　　夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也。多算胜，少算不胜，而况于无算乎？吾以此观之，胜负见矣。

兵者，诡道也。故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近，利而诱之，乱而取之，实而备之，强而避之，怒而挠之，卑而骄之，佚而劳之，亲而离之。攻其无备，出其不意。此兵家之胜，不可先传也。

孙子曰：昔之善战者，先为不可胜，以待敌之可胜。

不可胜在己，可胜在敌。

故善战者，能为不可胜，不能使敌之必可胜。

故曰：胜可知，而不可为。

故善战者，立于不败之地，而不失敌之败也。

是故胜兵先胜而后求战，败兵先战而后求胜。

故将有五危：必死，可杀也；必生，可虏也；忿速，可侮也；廉洁，可辱也；爱民，可烦也。凡此五者，将之过也，用兵之灾也。覆军杀将，必以五危，不可不察也。

书籍介绍

THE ART OF WAR

VERY LITTLE IS POSITIVELY KNOWN ABOUT SUN TZU.

The only ancient Chinese biography was written some four centuries after he lived; there Sun Tzu is described as belonging to the Chinese aristocracy that no longer owned much land, so he became a mercenary. The only fixed date we have for him is 512 B.C., when he was purportedly hired by a king of Wu, one of China’s then warring states, to serve as a general; allegedly, he was so successful that Wu conquered the powerful state of Chu, at which point Sun Tzu seems to vanish from history. But he is credited with having composed his military treatise even before 512 B.C. - a work titled Bing Fa , which might be literally translated as ¡°military methods¡± or ¡°army procedures¡± but which has come to be known as The Art of War.