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Olaudiah Equiano's 1789 narrative tells the remarkable story of his childhood in Africa, his kidnapping and subsequent years as a slave and seaman, and his eventual road to freedom in the Caribbean and in England. The text reprinted here is that of the 1789 first edition. It is accompanied by explanatory annotations, textual notes, and a map of Equiano's travels. "Contexts" provides essential related public writings on the work by James Tobin, Gustavus Vassa (Olaudiah Equiano), and Samuel Jackson Pratt; general and historical background by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Eav Beatrice Dykes, Wylie Sypher, Charles H. Nichols, Nathan I. Huggins, and David Dabydeen; related travel and scientific literature by Anthony Benezet, John Matthews, and John Mitchell; eighteenth-century works by African authors James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw, John Marrant, and Quobna Ottabah Cugoano; and English debates about the slave trade by Thomas Clarkson, John Wesley, and William Wilberforce, as well as antislavery verse by Thomas Day and John Bicknell. "Criticism" includes six contemporary reviews of The Interesting Narrative in the Life of Olaudiah Equiano. Nine modern essays are contributed by Paul Edwards, Charles T. Davis, Houston A. Baker, Jr., Angelo Costanzo, Catherine Obianju Acholonu, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Geraldine Murphy, Adam Potkay, and Robert J. Allison. A Chronology and Selected Bibliography are included.

No other series of classic texts equals the caliber of the Norton Critical Editions. Each volume combines the most authoritative text available with the comprehenive pedagogical apparatus necessary to appreciate the work fully. Careful editing, first-rate translation, and thorough explanatory annotations allow each text to meet the highest literary standards while remaining accessible to students. Each edition is printed on acid-free paper and every text in the series remains in print. Norton Critical Editions are the choice for excellence in scholarship for students at more than 2,000 universities worldwide.

Introduction

Acknowledgments

The Text of The Interesting Narrative of theLife of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa,

the African, Written by Himself

MAP: Equiano's World

Title page

Frontispiece

List of Subscribers

Contents of Volumes I and II

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or

Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself

NOTE ON THE TEXT

SELECTED VARIANTS

Additions

Selected Textual Differences between the First and Ninth Editions

Contexts

ILLUSTRATION: Nautical Terms

RELATED PUBLIC WRITINGS

James Tobin·From Cursory Remarks [upon James

Ramsay's Antislavery Writing] (178~)

Gustavus Vassa·Letter to James Tobin (January 28, 1788)

Samuel Jackson Pratt·From Humanity; or, the Rights of Nature (1788)

Gustavus Vassa·Letter to the Author of the Poem on

Humanity (June 27, 1788)

ILLUSTRATION: "Description of a Slave Ship"

Gustavus Vassa·Letter to the Committee for the

Abolition of the Slave Trade (February 14, 1789)

GENERAL BACKGROUND

Jean-Jacques Rousseau·From A Discourse upon the Origin and Foundation of the Inequality among Mankind (a755, transl. 1761)

HISTORICAL BACKCROUND

Eva Beatrice Dykes·[Humanitarianism, John Wesley, and Gustavus Vassal

Wylie Sypher·[The Nature of the Protest]

Charles H. Nichols·From Many Thousand Gone: The Ex-Slaves' Account of Their Bondage and Freedom

Nathan I. Huggins·[The Rupture and the Ordeal]

David Dabydeen·Eighteenth-Century English Literature on Commerce and Slavery

ILLUSTRATIONS: I. Cruikshank, William Blake, and

Anonymous

TRAVEL AND SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE

Anthony Benezet·From Some Historical Account of Guinea (1771)

John Matthews·From A Voyage to the River Sierra-Leone 0788)

John Mitchell·From Essay on the Causes of the Different

Colours of People in Different Climates (1744)

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY AUTHORS OF AFRICAN ANCESTRY

James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw·[From A Narrative] (177o, 1774)

John Marrant·[A Captive of the Cherokees] (1785)

Quobna Ottobah Cugoano·[Reflections and Memories] (1787)

THE ENGLISH DEBATE ABOUT THE SLAVE TRADE

Thomas Clarkson·From An Essay on the Slavery and

Commerce of the Human Species, Particularly the

African (1786)

John Wesley·Letter to William Wilberforce

Commenting on Gustavus Vassa (February 24, 1791)

William Wilberforce·From Speech in the House of

Commons (May a3, 1789)

From The 1791 Debate in the House of Commons on the

Abolition of the Slave Trade

ANTISLAVERY VEIRSE

Thomas Day and John Bicknell·From The Dying Negro (1773)

Criticism

WERNER SOLLORS is Henry B. and Anne M. Cabot Professor of English Literature and Afro-American Studies and Chair of History of American Civilization at Harvard University. He

previously taught at Columbia University, the Free University of Berlin, a

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Olaudiah Equiano's 1789 narrative tells the remarkable story of his childhood in Africa, his kidnapping and subsequent years as a slave and seaman, and his eventual road to freedom in the Caribbean and in England. The text reprinted here is that of the 1789 first edition. It is accompanied by explanatory annotations, textual notes, and a map of Equiano's travels. "Contexts" provides essential related public writings on the work by James Tobin, Gustavus Vassa (Olaudiah Equiano), and Samuel Jackson Pratt; general and historical background by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Eav Beatrice Dykes, Wylie Sypher, Charles H. Nichols, Nathan I. Huggins, and David Dabydeen; related travel and scientific literature by Anthony Benezet, John Matthews, and John Mitchell; eighteenth-century works by African authors James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw, John Marrant, and Quobna Ottabah Cugoano; and English debates about the slave trade by Thomas Clarkson, John Wesley, and William Wilberforce, as well as antislavery verse by Thomas Day and John Bicknell. "Criticism" includes six contemporary reviews of The Interesting Narrative in the Life of Olaudiah Equiano . Nine modern essays are contributed by Paul Edwards, Charles T. Davis, Houston A. Baker, Jr., Angelo Costanzo, Catherine Obianju Acholonu, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Geraldine Murphy, Adam Potkay, and Robert J. Allison. A Chronology and Selected Bibliography are included. About the Series : No other series of classic texts equals the caliber of the Norton Critical Editions . Each volume combines the most authoritative text available with the comprehenive pedagogical apparatus necessary to appreciate the work fully. Careful editing, first-rate translation, and thorough explanatory annotations allow each text to meet the highest literary standards while remaining accessible to students. Each edition is printed on acid-free paper and every text in the series remains in print. Norton Critical Editions are the choice for excellence in scholarship for students at more than 2,000 universities worldwide.