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From New York Times bestselling author Sam Kean comes incredible stories of science, history, finance, mythology, the arts, medicine, and more, as told by the Periodic Table.

Why did Gandhi hate iodine (I, 53)? How did radium (Ra, 88) nearly ruin Marie Curie’s reputation? And why is gallium (Ga, 31) the go-to element for laboratory pranksters?

The Periodic Table is a crowning scientific achievement, but it’s also a treasure trove of adventure, betrayal, and obsession. These fascinating tales follow every element on the table as they play out their parts in human history, and in the lives of the (frequently) mad scientists who discovered them. The Disappearing Spoon masterfully fuses science with the classic lore of invention, investigation, and discovery — from the Big Bang through the end of time.

Though solid at room temperature, gallium is a moldable metal that melts at 84 degrees Fahrenheit. A classic science prank is to mold gallium spoons, serve them with tea, and watch guests recoil as their utensils disappear.

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Sam Kean is the New York Times bestselling author of The Bastard Brigade, Caesar's Last Breath (the Guardian's Science Book of the Year), The Tale of the Dueling Neurosurgeons, The Violinist's Thumb, and The Disappearing Spoon. He is also a two-time finalist for the PEN / E. O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award.

His work has appeared in The Best American Science and Nature Writing, The New Yorker, The Atlantic, and the New York Times Magazine, among other publications, and he has been featured on NPR's Radiolab, All Things Considered, Science Friday, and Fresh Air. His podcast, The Disappearing Spoon, debuted at #1 on the iTunes science charts. Kean lives in Washington DC.

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大卫想解决世界能源问题，他热切地——以年轻人极度渴望某事物时的热切程度——期望把自己的爱好变成石油，于是，20世纪90年代中期，这位16岁的底特律少年发疯一样想拿一枚雄鹰童子军奖章，于是他秘密地在妈妈后院的盆栽棚里搭建了一个核反应堆。

大卫从小就对元素很有兴趣，最开始是受到了一本书的影响，这本书名为《化学实验宝典》，跟20世纪50年代的老式教育电影一样严肃到了无趣的程度。大卫对化学的兴趣非常浓厚，他女朋友的母亲甚至因此禁止他和家里参加聚会的客人交谈，他的失礼之处就像是满嘴含着食物跟人说话一样，不过这样的失礼是精神层面的——他会突然说出大家正在吃的食物里面的化学品，让大家大倒胃口。不过，大卫的爱好并不仅仅停留在理论层面。和许多小化学家一样，普通的化学实验套装很快就没法满足大卫了，他开始摆弄那些足以把卧室和地毯统统炸进地狱的暴烈元素。不久后，他就被妈妈赶进了地下室，然后是后院的棚子里，这个地方很适合他。

我们这个时代也有“蓝人”，作为一位生存主义者兼狂热的自由党党员，来自蒙大拿州的斯坦·琼斯擅长软硬兼施，虽然他的肤色是惊人的蓝色，却于2002年和2006年两次参加了美国参议院竞选。值得表扬的是，面对媒体的刁难琼恩总是坦然自嘲。别人问他，如果街上有大人小孩对他指指点点，他会怎么说，琼斯一本正经地回答：“我只要告诉他们我是在尝试万圣节的扮相就好了。”

琼斯也欣然解释了他为什么会跟银中毒扯上关系。1995年，琼斯一时糊涂听信了某些阴谋论，迷上了计算机千年虫危机，他尤其担心天启降临之日，会出现抗生素短缺。于是他决定，应该让自己的免疫系统做好准备。于是，他开始私自在后院里蒸馏重金属。他把9V电池用银线连接起来，然后浸入水桶——这种方式连对银最虔诚的死硬派都不会推荐，因为这么强的电流会使过多的银离子溶解到桶里。琼斯虔诚地喝了四年半这样的“珍酿”，直到2000年1月，千年虫谣言终于不攻自破。

虽然银溶液完全没用，虽然在两次竞选期间为此饱受嘲弄，但琼斯仍不后悔。当然，琼斯参加竞选不是为了警醒食品药品监督管理局，这个部分的管理风格十分自由化，以元素为噱头的保健品除非会严重危害健康或是作出完全不可能实现的承诺，他们才会介入。2002年落选后，琼斯告诉一家全国性杂志：“过量服用（银）是我的不对，但我仍相信银是世界上最好的抗生素……如果美国遭到生化袭击，或者我自己得了什么病，我肯定会马上再去服用银。保住性命比大红大紫重要多了。”

when cooled down to -456'F, helium turned into a superfluid, with exactly zero viscosity and zero resistance to flow-perfect fluidness. Superfluid helium defies gravity and flows uphill and over walls. At the time, these were flabbergasting finds. Scientists often fudge and pretend that effects like friction equal zero, but only to simplify calculations.

antimony pills also won fame as laxatives. unlike modern pills, these hard antimony pills didn't dissolve in the intestines, and the pills were considered so valuable that people rooted through fecal matter to retrieve and reuse them. some lucky families even passed down laxatives from father to son. perhaps for this reason, antimony found heavy work as a medicine, although it's actually toxic. mozart probably died from taking too much to combat a severe fever.

1956年，巴丁和布拉顿，唉，还有肖克利，共同获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。一天清晨，巴丁煎早餐的时候从收音机（当时很可能已经是硅晶体管的了）里听到了这个消息，他吓了一跳，失手把一家人的煎蛋摊到了地板上。后面还有更糗的。去瑞典参加颁奖礼的前几天，他拿出自己的白领结和礼服背心来洗，结果和其他深色衣服混在一起，染成了绿色，简直像是毕不了业的学生才能干出的事儿。颁奖当天，因为要觐见瑞典国王古斯塔夫一世，巴丁和布拉顿非常紧张，不得不服用奎宁来防止胃部痉挛。不过在觐见的时候，古斯塔夫责怪巴丁为什么让儿子乖乖待在哈佛上课（巴丁担心儿子可能会错过考试）而不带他们来参加颁奖礼，这时候奎宁大概也帮不上什么忙了。面对国王的责难，巴丁只得打个哈哈，保证下次得奖一定带儿子来。

大约1890年之前，科学家们判断酸和碱的办法是靠舌头尝或是把手指伸到里面蘸一下，这种方法当然不够安全，也不够可靠。接下来的几十年中，科学家们意识到，酸在本质上是质子提供者。许多酸都含有氢，这种简单的元素由一个质子和一个绕着它转动的电子构成（每个氢原子都含有一个质子，这是它的原子核）。当酸（如盐酸，HC1）与水混合时，就会离解成正离子H和负离子C。氢中的负电子被移除了，只剩下光秃秃的质子H独自沉浮。醋酸之类的弱酸在溶剂中只会释放出一小部分质子，而硫酸之类的强酸释放出的质子则如洪水般汹涌。

书籍介绍

From New York Times bestselling author Sam Kean comes incredible stories of science, history, finance, mythology, the arts, medicine, and more, as told by the Periodic Table.

Why did Gandhi hate iodine (I, 53)? How did radium (Ra, 88) nearly ruin Marie Curie’s reputation? And why is gallium (Ga, 31) the go-to element for laboratory pranksters?

The Periodic Table is a crowning scientific achievement, but it’s also a treasure trove of adventure, betrayal, and obsession. These fascinating tales follow every element on the table as they play out their parts in human history, and in the lives of the (frequently) mad scientists who discovered them. The Disappearing Spoon masterfully fuses science with the classic lore of invention, investigation, and discovery — from the Big Bang through the end of time.

Though solid at room temperature, gallium is a moldable metal that melts at 84 degrees Fahrenheit. A classic science prank is to mold gallium spoons, serve them with tea, and watch guests recoil as their utensils disappear.